初中英语语态知识点:常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。
初中英语语态知识点:被动语态的结构
英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如:
English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。
The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
初中英语语态知识点:被动语态的五个重要考点
将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题
1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home. www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/3095.html
A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
解析:主语是all the employees(复数) ,而不是the manager,排除答案A和C;又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系,要用被动语态,排除B,故选D。
2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
解析:a library是offer的承受者,要用被动语态,排除B和D;又因主语(library) 是单数,排除C;故选A。注意:with five thousand books是a library是定语。
将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
解析:因he与send是被动关系,排除D;又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”,排除选项A;答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分,用that;故选B。
将语态与倒装结合起来命题
Only after my friend came ______.
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
解析:因the computer与repair是被动关系,排除A;又因only加状语置于句首,要用部分倒装,排除选项D和B;故选C。
将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度
Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.
A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of
解析:由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知,good care与take是被动关系,排除A和B;选项C中又漏掉了of;故选D。
在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题
1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
解析:因people与persuade是被动关系,排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时,条件句中用一般现在时,所以选D。
2. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost
解析:因lose与jobs是被动关系,排除A和D;又因条件状语从句是一般现在时,主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时,故选B。
3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______each year.
A. were washed away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
解析:因good earth(沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系,排除C;又因quantities of…作主语,谓语动词用复数,排除B;指近阶段(近些年) 正在发生的事,用现在进行时,排除A;故选D。
4. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ______ for weeks.(www.yygrammar.com)
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
解析:由is和for weeks可知,要用现在完成时态,排除B和C;又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系,要用被动语态,所以选D。
5. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?
—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
解析:因为I与invite是被动关系,又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前,got married是过去,invite就该是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态,只有C正确。
6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
解析:因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用,所以由by 2006可排除A和B;又因为work与complete是被动关系,所以要被动语态,只有C正确。
7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ______run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
解析:you与run over是被动关系,选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态,故选B。
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