初中英语知识点：句子成分
句子成分:
1.主语
主语是一个句子的主干部分之一，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词主语从句充当，正常语序是在一个句子的句首。
Betty likes her new bike.(名词)。
They usually go to school on foot. (代词)。
Two and two is four. (数词)
To learn a foreign language is not easy. (动词不定式短语)
Playing basketball after school is great fun. (动名词短语)
That the earth runs around the sun is known to everyone. (主语从句)
It is known to everyone that the earth runs around the sun. (主语从句)
2.谓语
和主语一样，是一个句子的主干部分之一，表示主语所做到动作、具有的特征及所处的状态。
通常由动词充当实义动词、 连系动词、情态动词及助动词。
情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后要带宾语。
通常情况下，谓语位于主语之后。
They work very hard. (行为动词)
Tom feels much better now. (系动词+表语)
We can speak English very well. (情态动词+实义动词)
They are playing over there. (助动词+实义动词)
3.宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承受着。一般接在及物动词后面或介词后面。
通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及宾语从句构成。
Tom bought a storybook last week. (名词)
----How many books do you want?
----I want seven. (数词)
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (动词不定式短语)
He enjoys playing basketball. (动名词短语)
Our teacher said that he would go there. (宾语从句)
有些动词需要带两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，另一个是间接宾语。(双宾语)
Please show me you ticket. (间接宾语+直接宾语)
指人的通常是间接宾语，指物的通常是直接宾语。下列动词可以带直接宾语和间接宾语：
give, show, send, bring, lend, leave, pass, hand, tell, write, teach, return, throw, buy, fetch.
Will you give me some milk?= give some milk to me?
This term she teach us English.
4.状语
状语是说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
副词、介词短语、动词不定式以及由:
if, after, when, as soon as, until, before, though, although, as if ,even if 等引导的从句都可用来作状语。
You are quite right. (副词)
She will arrive on Monday. (介词短语)
He came here in order to learn English. (动词不定式短语)
We are on holiday today. (名词)
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. (从句)
As soon as she comes back, I’ll go and see her. (从句)
5. 定语
定语是指用来修饰名词或代词(不定代词)的词。
形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语、不定代词、定语从句都可用作定语。
This is a green jeep. (形容词)
The building is their teaching-building. (形容词性物主代词)
The woman doctor is his wife. (名词)
Attention, please. I have something to tell you. (动词不定式短语)
The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. (介词短语)
There is something wrong with my tape-recorder. (形容词后置)
Every student has an English book. (不定代词)
The book that I bought yesterday is written by Lu Xun.. (从句)
单个单词作定语一般位于被修饰的名词或代词前，但是当形容词修饰不定代词如:
something, everything, anything, nothing, someone,等时，常常放在这些词典后面。
is there anything serious?
no, nothing serious.
He has something important to do this afternoon.
短语和定语从句必须放在被修饰词的后面。
This is the book that I want to buy.
The book on the desk is mine.
The man standing under the tree is Mr. Guo.
The book given to him is written in English.
6.表语
表语是英语中的一个特殊成分，是指跟在系动词be, become, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等后面的词语或从句，
用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态。系动词和表语一起构成句子的谓语。
表语一般由名词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、副词和表语从句充当。
Her sister is a nurse. (名词)
When she heard the news, she got angry. (形容词)
His cup is broken. (过去分词)
where are you?
I’m here. (副词)
Why didn’t I go to school? The reason is that I was ill. (从句)
7.宾语补足语
用来补充说明宾语的成分叫做宾语补足语。形容词、动词不定式、名词、副词，分词短语，介词短语等经常充当宾语补足语。
宾语和宾语补足语一起统称为复合宾语。
You may call me Charles or Mr. liu. (名词)
We must keep our classroom clean. (形容词)
John asked me to help him. (动词不定式短语)
Keep the lights on while you are out. (副词)
We made him clean the room yesterday. (动词不定式短语)
----he was made to clean the room yesterday.(主语补足语)
初中英语语法大全：英语中的句子成分语法知识
句子成分
英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)
同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)
中考英语语法重点：句子成分
1、主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2、谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3、表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me. I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4、宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5、直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6、宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7、定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8、状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
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