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中考英语语法考点最新

时间:2023-06-19 13:05:04 文/张东东 中考北考网www.beiweimall.com

初中英语语法汇总

1.be动词顺口溜

(我 I)用am , (你 you)用are , is跟着(他 he) , (她 she) , (它 it) , is跟着单数走 , 复数永远连着are

2.一般疑问句

1)由be动词(am/is/are)开头的问句:Is he a pupil?Are you a teacher?

2)助动词do/does开头的问句

3)情态动词can开头的问句

4)动词have/has开头的问句

3.规则名词单数变复数

1)一般情况下,在名词后加-s;

2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,在词尾后加-es;

3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加-s;

4)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,在词尾加-s;“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,在词尾加-es;

5)以-f/fe结尾的词,变复数,将-f/fe改为v加es;

顺口溜:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。注:roof-roofs

4.一般疑问句的否定结构

把not放在一般疑问句的主语之后,即构成一般疑问句的否定结构.eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it?

5.陈述句转疑问句及回答

This is a watch.-àIs this a watch?Yes,it is(不许缩写).No,it isn’t(必须缩写).

6.陈述句变否定句

This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch.

7.几个发音特殊的辅音字母

A.字母c在 a,l,o,r,u 等前读[k] , 如come [k ?m],coat [k ?ut] 等.

字母c在 e,I,y 前读[s] , 如 pencil [pensl] 等.

B.字母g一般读[g] , 如go [g?u] , leg [leg]等,

字母g和e(即ge)在词尾读 [d?] , 如orange [?rind?]等

C.双写辅音字母虽然是两个相同的辅音字母写在一起,但只读一个音,如apple[? pl]egg[eg]等。

8.名词所有/属格

英语的名词有三种格:即主格、宾格和所有格。名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格,意为”……的”。

中考英语常用句型

句型1:There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语

There’s a boat in the river. 河里有条船。

句型2:What’s wrong with+sb. / sth. ?What’s wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病?

句型3:How do you like...?How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?

句型4:What do you like about...?What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么?

句型5:had better(not)+动词原形You’d better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去问问那边的那个警察。

句型6:How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语!What a/ an+adj. +n. +主语+谓语!How cold it is today !今天多冷啊!What a fine picture it is!多美的一幅图画呀!

句型7:Thank+sb. +for(doing)sth.Thank you for coming to see me. 感谢你来看我。

句型8:So+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+主语He is a student. So am I. 他是一个学生,我也是。

句型9:... not ... until ...He didn’t have supper until his parents came back. 直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。

句型10:比较级+and+比较级The baby cried harder and harder. 那孩子哭得越来越厉害。

句型11:the +比较级,the +比较级The more one has,the more one wants. 越有越贪。

句型12:... as + adv.+as ...…not as(so) +adj. / adv. +as ...Do you think that art is as important as music?你认为艺术和音乐一样重要吗?Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。

句型13:more/ less +adj.+than...I think art is less important than music. 我认为艺术不如音乐重要。

句型14:stop…from doing sth.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。

句型15:both ... and ...Both you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。

句型16:either ... or...Either you or he is wrong . 不是你错就是他错。

句型17:neither ... nor ...Neither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是学生。

句型18:... as soon as ...As soon as I see him,I’ll give him the message. 我一见到他,我就把你的消息告诉他。

句型19:... so+adj. / adv.+that ...I was so tired that I didn’t want to speak. 我累得连话也不想说了。

句型20:Though...+主句Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time. 虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间。

句型21:be going toThis afternoon I’m going to buy a Qisu English book. 今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书。

句型22:be different fromI think this is different from Chinese names. 我认为这与汉语名字不同。

句型23:Welcome(back)to...Welcome back to school!欢迎回到学校!

句型24:have fun doingWe’re going to have fun learning and speaking English this term. 这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语。

句型25:... because ... / ...,so ...I don’t know all your names because this is our first lesson. 因为这是我们的第一节课,所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。

句型26:Why don’t you ... / Why not ...Why don’t you come to school a little earlier?为什么不早点到校呢?

句型27:make itLet’s make it half past nine. 让我们定在九点半吧!

句型28:have nothing to doThey have nothing to do every day. 他们每天无所事事。

句型29:be sure/ be sure of/ about sth. / be sure to do sb.I think so, but I’m not sure. 我想是这样,但不敢确定。I was not sure of / about the way,so I asked someone. 我对于怎么走没有把握,所以我问别人了。

句型30:between ... and ...There is a shop between the hospital and the school. 在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。

句型31:keep sb. / sth. + V-ing/ 介词补语/ adv.You must keep your classroom clean. 你们必须保持教室干净。Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等。Can you keep him in the room ?你能让他在这个房里吗?Keep them here. 让他们在这儿呆着。

句型32:find +宾语+宾补He finds it very hard to travel around the big city . 他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。

句型33:... not ... anymore/ longerThe old man doesn’t travel any more. 这位老人不再旅行了。He isn’t a thief any longer. 他不再是个贼。

句型34:What’s the weather like...?What’s the weather like in spring in your hometown ?在你们家乡春天天气怎么样?

句型35:There is no time to do/ have no time to doThere was no time to think. 没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch. 我没有时间回家吃午饭。

句型36:Help oneself to...Help yourself to some fish. 吃鱼吧!

句型37:used to doI used to read this kind of story books. 我过去常读这种故事书。

句型38:borrow ... fromI borrowed a Qisu English book from him. 我从他那借了一本奇速英语书。

句型39:lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.

He lent me a story book / He lent a story book to me. 他借了本故事书给我。

句型40:have been toHave you ever been to Haw aii?你曾去过夏威夷吗?

句型41:have gone toWhere’s he?He’s gone to Washington. 他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。

句型42:be famous forHawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. 夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型43:No matter +疑问句+主句No matter when you come,you are welcomed. 无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。

句型44:be afraid(of / todo / that...)I’m afraid not. 恐怕不能。Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。

句型45:... as ... as possible / ... as ... as sb canI hope to see him as soon as possible. 我希望能尽快见到他。He ran here as fast as he could. 他尽最大努力跑到这儿。

句型46:practise / enjoy / finish doingA young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. 一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语。Tom enjoys playing football very much. 汤姆很喜欢踢足球。He finished reading the story book. 他看完了那本故事书。

句型47:It’s said that ...It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark. 据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。

句型48:Not all / everyone ...Not all sharks are alike. 并不是所有的鲨鱼都一样。Not everyone likes dumplings. 并不是每个人都喜欢饺子。

句型49:be based onHis argument is based on facts. 他的论断是以事实为根据的。

句型50:... so that ...Put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. 把树放入洞穴中,让它立直。

句型51:be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long. 绿色长城长7000公里。The river is about 2 metres deep. 这条河大约有2米深。The boy is about 12 years old . 这个男孩约12岁。

句型52:keep ... from doingThe heavy rain kept us from starting out. 大雨阻止了我们出发。

句型53:with one’s help...With Tom’s help,I’ve come to America to study further. 在汤姆的帮助下,我来美国深造。

句型54:I don’t think ...I don’t think any of them is interesting. 我认为他们中任何一个都无趣。

句型55:What’s the population of ...?What’s the population of Germany ?德国的人口有多少?

句型56:prefer to do … rather than do

They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it. 他们更喜欢买一辆新车,而不愿去修理它。

句型57:be worth (doing) …This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。

句型58:regard … asThey regarded their pets as members of their families. 他们把宠物视为家庭成员。

句型59:be confident ofI’m confident of success. 我确信会成功。

句型60:seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)He seems to be angry. 他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy. 这房子似乎太吵了。

句型61:be angry with / about / at(doing)We’re all very angry with ourselves. 我们都很生自己的气。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here. 我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。I was angry at being kept waiting. 这样一直等我很生气。

句型62:pay for / pay … forHe paid for the book and went away. 他付完书款便离开了。I paid him £200 for the painting. 买这幅画我付了他200英镑。

2021年中考英语语法专题详解

专题一 名词

1. 名词的数

概述: 名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词及其单复数:可数名词有单复数变化,其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰,还可用many, few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。

复数的规则构成法:绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图:

 规则

 例词

一般情况下加-s

apple-apples, ruler-rulers

以s, x, ch,sh,结尾的加-es

bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes

以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i再加-es

city-cities, county-countries

以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变成v,再加-es

knife-knives, leaf-leaves

以o结尾的,有的词尾加-es,有的加-s

在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes

Hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes

2) 复数的不规则构成法:

a.单复同形的:Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)

b. 熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, child-children

c. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student-two girl students

3. 不可数名词:不可数名词没有单复数。如:water, meat, air等。在表示数量时,通常用以下方法。

1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。

There is little milk at home.

The old man has lots of money.

2) 若要表示不可数名词的数量,应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式,若数字超过一,量词应用复数形式。如:a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread

2. 专有名词:专有名词是表示特定的人,事物, 地点等,如:Tom, China, the United Kingdom. 专有名词的第一个字母一般大写,大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。

3. 名词的所有格:

1. 概述:名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系,作定语。

2. 名词所有格的构成:名词所有格包括 –s所有格和of所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用of短语来表示所有关系。如:the name of the school, the window of the house等。–s所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间,距离,国家等的名词后。构成方法如下:

一般直接在名词后加’s. 如:Jim’s book

复数名词的所有格,若以s/es结尾只加撇号,不以s/es结尾仍加’s。如:

Children’s Day, the teachers’ office.

3)“ and”连接的并列名词的所有格,表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加’s; 表示“各自拥有”,两个名词尾都要加’s. 如:Jim and Lucy’s book(共有); Jane’s and Tom’s books(不共有)

4)表示店铺或某人的家等处所时,常在名词的所有格后省去shop, house, home等。如:the barber’s, at my uncle’s

5) 表示时间,距离,国家,城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加’s或’表示所有格,如:today’s newspaper, five minutes’ walk.

3. 双重所有格

1)名词双重所有格的含义:of+名词所有格称为双重所有格,这种结构中,of前面是一部分,of后面是一个整体。

例如:Mr Wang is a friend of my father's. (=Mr Wang is one of my father's friends.) 王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友.

2)名词双重所有格的构成方法:

a. of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词,如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如:

Have you read any stories of Lei Feng's? 你看过雷锋的故事吗?

They gave me some books of theirs. 他们把他们的一些书给了我。

Three classmates of my sister's have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。

b. 有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this, that表示某种感情色彩。例如:

That answer of Jim's was right. 吉姆的那个回答是对的。

Something is wrong with this eye of mine. 我的这只眼睛出了毛病。

c. of后面带有's的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如:

That's a book of Lu Xun's. 这是鲁迅的一本书。

This is a child of theirs. 那是他们的一个孩子。

3)名词的双重所有格与“of + 名词”结构之间的区别:

a.. 句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较:

He is a friend of my father's. (着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个)

He is a friend of my father. (着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友)

b. of前面是picture等词时,含义不同。试比较:

This is a picture of my teacher's. 这是我老师收藏的一张照片。

This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。

实战演练(2×50)

1. June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.

A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childrens’

2. September 10th is ___ Day in China.

A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. Teacher

3. This is _______ news.

A. such a good B. a very good C. such good

4.—What ______ it is!

—Let’s go out to have a picnic.

A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day

5. Tom and I go to school _____ every day.

A. on feet B. on foot C. by foot

6. –Are those _____?

-No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow

7. A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.

A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen

8. That doctor drank two _____.

A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea

9. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.

A. Bob mother B. Bob’s mother’s C. mother of Bob

10. The tall man with a big nose is _______ classmate.

A. Tom and Carl B. Tom’s and Carl’s C. Tom and Carl’s

11.In ____ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.

A. few year B. a few years’ C. a few year’s

12. How many ___ do you want every month?

A. milk B. water C. apples

13. –Whose is this new bicycle?

-It’s _____.

A. Sue and Jim’s B . Sue and Jim C. Sue’s and Jim’s

14. –Would you like _____tea?

-No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.

A. any; bottles of orange B. a little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange

15. –How many _____ do you want?

-Two, please.

A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs

16. The bus stop is two _____ from our house.

A. hour’s drive B. hours’ drive C. hour-drive

17. –Where are you going, Amy?-_______.

A. To my uncle B. To my uncle’s C. At my uncle

18. Have you read _____?

A. a newspaper of today’s B. today newspaper C. today's newspaper

19. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea.

A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups

20. Tomatoes, broccoli, and ____ are vegetables.

A. bananas B. potatoes C. noodles

21. –Help yourself to some _________.

-Thank you. I really like them.

A. fish B. orange C. cakes

22. The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth B. a tooth C. teeth

23. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?

A. three days’ holiday B. three day’s holiday C. three-days holiday

24. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.

A. leaf B. leave C. leaves

25. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.

A aunt...five minutes' walk B aunt's...five minute's walk

C aunt's...five minutes' walk

26. A computer is one of the greatest ________in this century.

A inventors B inventions C invitations

27. We haven't ________ homework to do today.

A many B some C much

28. Three hours________enough for a__________boy to read books.

A is...ten-year-old B are...ten-year-old C is...ten-years-old

29. _________that pair of new_________nice?

A Is...shoe B Are...shoes C Is...shoes

30.Mary, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.

A fresh eggs B chocolate milk C food

31. The two ________are my________.

A woman doctors... friends B women doctors... friends

C women doctors... friend

32. These are________houses.

A Lee and my uncle B the Lee's and my uncle's

C theLees' and my uncle

33. We are__________.They are_________.

A Chinese...Germen B Chinese...German

C Chinese...Germans

34. There ______ a pencil and two books on the desk.

A. has B. is C.are

35. A number of students ______ for the school bus now.

A. is waiting B. are waiting C. waits

36. The number of students in the class ______ large.

A. are B. has C.is

37. A _____ is used for keeping warm.

A. stamp B. scarf C. key

38. There is no _______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.

A. room B. a room C. rooms

39. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.

---OK, how happy they both looked!

A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's

C. my mother's and father's

40. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.

A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three

41. --- What would you like to drink, girls?

--- _________, please.

A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffee C. Two coffee

42 During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ______

A. fun B. wishes C. interest

43. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus.

A. visitor B. visitor's C. visitors'

44.--- How many students are there in your school?

--- There are two ___________.

A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of

45. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

-- It sounds really wonderful.

A. subject B. music C. book

46. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the TV.

A. place B. room C. field

47. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.

A. medicine B. lessons C. exercise

48. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.

A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes

49. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A. a good news B. some good news C. many good news

50. Maths ________ not easy to learn.

A. are B. is C. am

参考答案:

1-5:BBCCB; 6-10:AACBC; 11-15: BCACC; 16-20:BBCCB; 21-25:CCACC;26-30:BCACA

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