卜算子 咏梅 陆游写的
引导语：陆游《卜算子》以“咏梅”为题，作者是以梅花自喻，下文是原文知识内容，与大家分享阅读详细。
卜算子 · 咏梅①
驿外②断桥③边，寂寞④开无主⑤。
已是黄昏独自愁，更著⑥风和雨。
无意⑦苦⑧争春⑨，一任⑩群芳⑪妒⑫。
零落⑬成泥碾⑭作尘⑮，只有香如故⑯。
【注释】
①卜(bǔ)算子·咏梅：选自吴氏双照楼影宋本《渭南词》卷二。“卜算子”是词牌名。又名《百尺楼》《眉峰碧》《楚天遥》《缺月挂疏桐》等。万树《词律》卷三《卜算子》：“毛氏云：‘骆义鸟(骆宾王)诗用数名，人谓为“卜算子”，故牌名取之。’按山谷词，‘似扶著卖卜算’，盖取义以今卖卜算命之人也。”
②驿(yì)外：指荒僻、冷清之地。驿：驿站，供驿马或官吏中途休息的专用建筑。
③断桥：残破的桥。一说“断”通“簖”，簖桥乃是古时在为拦河捕鱼蟹而设簖之处所建之桥。
④寂寞：孤单冷清。
⑤无主：自生自灭，无人照管和玩赏。
⑥更：副词，又，再。著(zhuó)：同“着”，遭受，承受。更著：又遭到。
⑦无意：不想，没有心思。自己不想费尽心思去争芳斗艳。
⑧苦：尽力，竭力。
⑨争春：与百花争奇斗艳。此指争权。
⑩一任：全任，完全听凭;一：副词，全，完全，没有例外。任：动词，任凭。
⑪群芳：群花、百花。百花，这里借指诗人政敌──苟且偷安的主和派。
⑫妒(dù)：嫉妒。
⑬零落：凋谢，陨落。
⑭碾(niǎn)：轧烂，压碎。
⑮作尘：化作灰土。
⑯香如故：香气依旧存在。
【白话译文】
驿站外断桥旁。梅花寂寞地开放、孤孤单单.无人来欣赏。黄昏里独处已够愁苦.又遭到风吹雨打而飘落四方。它花开在百花之首.却无心同百花争享春光，只任凭百花去总妒。即使花片飘落被碾作尘泥，也依然有永久的芬芳留在人间。
【创作背景】
陆游一生酷爱梅花，将其作为一种精神的载体来倾情歌颂，梅花在他的笔下成为一种坚贞不屈的形象的象征。
联系陆游的生平不难理解，词中的梅花正是作者自身的写照。陆游的一生可谓充满坎坷。他出生于宋徽宗宣和七年(公元1125年)，正值北宋摇摇欲坠、金人虎视耽耽之时。不久随家人开始动荡不安的'逃亡生涯，“儿时万死避胡兵”是当时的写照，也使他在幼小的心灵深处埋下了爱国的种子。绍兴二十三年(1153年)，陆游赴临安应进士考试，因其出色的才华被取为第一，但因秦桧的孙子被排在陆游之后，触怒了秦桧，第二年礼部考试时居然被黝免。秦桧黝免陆游的原因，一方面是挟私报复，一方面也是因其“喜论恢复”，引起这一投降派首脑的嫉恨。直到秦桧死后，陆游方开始步入仕途。这之后，陆游的仕途也并非一帆风顺，而是几起几落。他曾到过抗金前线，身着戎装投身火热的战斗生活，从而体会到了“诗家三昧”。从此那壮怀激烈的战斗场面和收复失地的强烈愿望成为其诗歌中最为动听的主旋律。然而南宋小朝廷偏安一隅，对眼前的剩水残山颇为满足，并不真正想要恢复。即使有时不得不作出些姿态，也是掩人耳目，心不在焉。因此，陆游曾两次被罢官，力主用兵是最主要原因所在。尽管陆游的爱国热情惨遭打击，但其爱国志向始终不渝。这在他的诗歌中得到了充分的体现。不难理解，其《卜算子·咏梅》正是以梅寄志的代表，那“零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故”的梅花，正是诗人一生对恶势力不懈的抗争精神和对理想坚贞不渝的品格的形象写照。
【赏析】
这首《卜算子》以“咏梅”为题,作者是以梅花自喻.
“寂寞开无主”这一句,词人将自己的感情倾注在客观景物之中,首句是景语,这句已是情语了.日落黄昏,暮色朦胧,这孑然一身、无人过问的梅花,何以承受这凄凉呢?它只有“愁”—— 而且是“独自愁”,这与上句的“寂寞”相呼应.驿外断桥、暮色、黄昏,本已寂寞愁苦不堪,但更添凄风冷雨,孤苦之情更深一层.“更著”这两个字力重千钧,前三句似将梅花困苦处境描写已至其但二句“更著风和雨”似一记重锤将前面的“极限”打得崩溃.这种愁苦仿佛无人能承受, 至此感情渲染已达高潮,然而尽管环境是如此冷峻,它还是“开”了!上阕四句,只言梅花处境恶劣、于梅花只作一“开”字,但是其倔强、顽强已不言自明.
上阕集中写了梅花的困难处境, 它也的确还有 “ 愁”.从艺术手法说,用环境、时光和自然现象来烘托.上阕四句可说是“情景双绘”.让读者化一系列景物中感受到作者的特定环境下的心绪—— 愁!也让读者逐渐踏入作者的心境.
下阕,托梅寄志.从侧面讽刺了群芳.暗含着作者的不幸遭遇揭露了苟且偷安的那些人的无耻行径.说“争春”,是暗喻人事; “ 妒”,则非草木所能有.这两句表现出陆游性格孤高,决不与争宠邀媚、阿谀逢迎之徒为伍的品格和不畏谗毁、坚贞自守的崚.傲骨.
最后几句,把梅花的“独标高格”,再推进一层： 前句承上阕的寂寞无主、黄昏日落、风雨交侵等凄惨境遇.这句七个字四次顿挫：“ 零落”, 不堪雨骤风狂的摧残,梅花纷纷凋落了,这是第一层.落花委地,与泥水混杂,不辩何者是花,何者是泥了,这是第二层.从“碾”字,显示出摧残者的无情,被摧残者的凄惨境遇,这是第三层.结果梅花被摧残、被践踏而化作灰尘了.这是第四层.看,梅花的命运有多么悲惨,简直不堪入目令人不敢去想像.读者在此时已融入了字里行间所透露出的情感中.
但作者的目的决不是单为写梅花的悲惨遭遇,引起人们的同情;从写作手法上来说,仍是铺垫,是蓄势,是为了把下句的词意推上最高峰.虽说梅花凋落了,被践踏成泥土了,它那“别有韵致”的香味,却永远“如故”,仍然不屈服于寂寞无主、风雨交侵的威胁.
末句具有扛鼎之力,它振起全篇,把前面梅花的不幸处境,风雨侵凌,凋残零落,成泥作的凄凉、衰飒、悲戚,一股脑儿抛到九霄云外去了.
此词十分成功地运用比兴手法作者以梅花自喻,以梅花的自然代谢来形容自己.此时,已将梅花人格化.“咏梅”,实为表白自己的思想感情,给我们留下了十分深刻的印象,成为一首咏梅的杰作.
【赏析英文翻译】
This is the first of the BU operator "to" a few "as its theme, the author is self-evident to Plum.
"Lonely orphan" this sentence, CI will own feelings into the scenery in objective, the first sentence is King, it was love language. Sunset twilight, Twilight haze, which alone, unchallenged by Phillips, why take this dreary? it only the "sad" and "sorrows" and the "lonely on the sentence." Post external bridge, Twilight, Twilight, the lonely melancholy, but more the chill wind blowing, the loneliness of a deeper level. "The more the" two words force heavy supremely, the first three sentences might be the situation described is plum blossom hardship to it but the second sentence "even the wind and rain," like a hammer to the front of the "limit" to crash. This sorrow as if no one can afford, so emotional rendering has reached a climax, but despite the environment is so cold that it still "open"! sentences, on concerns only the situation worse, says Phillips at Phillips only for an "open", but its stubborn and tenacious is self-evident.
Regarding the focus on wrote the difficult situation of plum blossom, it does have the "melancholy". From the artistic means that use of the environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast. Four sentence on an awful lot can be said to be "situational double painted". Let the readers of a series of scenes in feel the author's specific environment mood — worry! also let readers gradually into the author's State of mind.
The following songs, Tome send Chi. From the side ironic shape. Implies the author's misfortune to expose a muddle of those shameless acts. The "falls" is a metaphor of personnel; "envy", the non-vegetation can have. These two lines show the solitary Lu you's personality and high, and never sees invited Mei, flattering of company's character and not slander, staunch Automorphic of shaped white. pride.
Last words, Phillips of "independence", then the elevation that promote a layer: front line bearing on an awful lot of lonely orphan, sunset, and rain turn penetrating and so miserable situation. This is the fourth of seven words: "full of disappointments, sudden rain" from the ravages of wind maniac, Phillips have litters, the first layer. I appointed, and slurry, don't argue what is flower, which is the mud, and this is the second layer. From "grind", showing the devastation of the merciless, ruined the miserable circumstances, a third layer. The result is torn, plum blossom is trampled on and into dust. This is the first four layers. The fate of the clubs have tragic, really offensive not dare to imagine. The reader at this point the lines have been integrated into the revealing emotion.
But the author's purpose is simply to write the black misery evoke sympathy; from writing practices, paving the way, is still a poised to take the next sentence word onto. Although Phillips has been trampled on litter, into the soil, it makes the "enjoying" fragrance, "never" as before, still not yielding to the lonely orphan, rain and wind over the threat of invasion.
The last sentence with the forces of kangding, it inspires the whole article, to the tragic situation in front of plum blossom, and rain penetration ling, the phantoms, eroded into mud made miserable, miserable failure in SA, brought about me.
This term is very successfully used metaphor approach author to Plum self-evident to Plum's natural metabolism to describe themselves. At this point, the personification of clubs. "A few" to express their feelings, to our left a very deep impression, become a masterpiece of a few.
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