China and the World中国和世界
Topic 1 China attracts millions of tourists from all over the world.中国吸引了来自世界各地的无数游客
Section A
( It’s been two years since Mr. and Mrs. Green came to China. Their daughter, Susanna, has just come to live with them. She knows very little about the country.)（格林夫妇来中国已经两年了。他们的女儿，苏珊娜，刚刚来和他们一起居住。她不太了解这个国家。）
Mom, how much do you know about China? 妈妈，你对中国了解多少？
A lot. China is a great country that has about 5 000 years of history. There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year. 了解很多，中国是一个拥有约五千年历史的大国。它有许多名胜古迹，每年都吸引着来自世界各地数以百万计的游客。
Is that so? Are there any beautiful mountains? 真的吗？有美丽的山川吗？
Yes. And some of them are very famous, such as Mount Tai, Mount Huang, Mount Song and Mount Emei. 有。其中一些很有名，比如泰山、黄山、嵩山和峨眉山。
What about rivers? 那河流呢？
There are a great number of rivers in China. Among them, the Changjiang River is the longest one and the second longest is the Huanghe River. They’re the birthplaces of Chinese culture. 中国有许多大河，其中长江是中国最长的河流，黄河位居第二。它们是中华民族文化的发源地。
Anything else? 还有别的吗？
My dear, I think you should get to know more about China by yourself. I can fetch you Guide to China. It’s a book which introduces China in detail. 亲爱的，我认为你应该自己多去了解中国。我可以给你拿一本《中国指南》。它是一本详细介绍中国的书。
Thanks, Mom. 谢谢，妈妈。
Section B
Wow! What grand buildings! Why are the roofs of most buildings yellow? 哇！多宏伟的建筑啊！为什么大多数建筑的屋顶都是金黄色？
Because yellow was a symbol of imperial power in ancient China. 因为在古代的中国，黄色是帝王权力的象征。
What are those animals that are carved on the stones? 那些刻在石头上的是什么动物？
They are dragons. It’s said that they’re powerful animals which guard the whole nation. In ancient China, emperors thought that they themselves were real dragons and the sons of Heaven. 它们是龙。据说它们是守护整个国家的威猛动物。在古代的中国，帝王们认为他们自己是真龙天子。
And the dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation. 而且龙已经成为中华民族的象征了。
That’s correct! It also plays an important part in Chinese festivals. 很正确！它在中国节日中也扮演着重要的角色。
How interesting! Anything else about dragons? 多有趣啊！关于龙还有别的什么吗？
Yes, there are a lot of operas, music, paintings and sayings about dragons. 当然，有许多关于龙的戏剧、音乐、绘画和谚语。
section C
The Great Wall 万里长城
The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world. The entire wall, which has many branches, is about 8800 kilometers long. It stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. 万里长城是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。有许多支线的整个城墙大约有8800千米。它从东部的山海关延伸到西部的嘉峪关。
The construction was begun during the Warring States Period, which was about 2500 years ago. The states of Qin, Wei , Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan all built walls to protect their people. The first emperor, Qin Shihuang, joined all these smaller walls together to make the Great Wall.
这个伟大的建筑始建于2500年前的战国时期。秦国、魏国、赵国、齐国和中山国都建立城墙去保护他们的人民。中国第一个皇帝，秦始皇，把所有小的城墙连在一起建成了万里长城。
These early walls that were made of packed earth and wood wore away in the rain and wind. Little of that wall remains. Most of the wall that can be seen today was built during the Ming dynasty. It was made of stone and brick that would last longer.
这些早期由成袋的土和木头建立的城墙在风雨中磨损了。只有很少的一部分保存下来。现在看见的大部分城墙都是明朝时建立的。它是由经久耐用的石头和砖块制成的。
The Great Wall was first built by ancient people to separate them from their enemies. Those Ming dynasty rulers did not expect that it would later be used to bring tourists into China. It is said that one who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. The Great Wall is a treasure of Chinese civilization and it is regarded as a symbol of the Chinese nation.
古代人建立万里长城是为了把他们和敌人分离开来。那些明朝的统治者们不曾设想到后来万里长城为中国带来游客。常言道不到长城非好汉。万里长城是中华文明的瑰宝并且它被看作中华民族的象征。
Section D
Attributive Clauses (II) 定语从句（II）
1. China is a great country with about 5000 years of history. 中国有着约5000年历史的伟大国家。
2. China is a great country which/that has about 5000 years of history. 中国是一个拥有大约5000年历史的伟大国家。
3. It is a book with details about China. 那是一本有着中国详细资料的`书。
4. It is a book which/that introduces China in detail. 那是一本详细介绍中国的书。
Functions
1. That’s correct ! 那是对的！
2. And some of them are very famous, such as Mount Tai, Mount Huang, Mount Song and Mount Emei. 他们中有一些非常著名，比如泰山、黄山、嵩山，峨眉山。
The home of tea, which has more than 4000 years of history, is China. People throughout China drink tea daily. Of the three major drinks –tea, coffee and cocoa – tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world. Tea from China, along with silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export since then.
中国是茶的故乡，有4000多年的历史。中国人每天喝茶。在三大主要饮品---茶、咖啡和可可中，茶是世界上饮用人数最多的饮品。和丝绸、瓷器一样，中国的茶叶在一千多年前就被世人所知，并且从那时起就一直是中国重要的出口产品。
The word for tea in different languages came from the Chinese character, “cha”. The English word, “tea”, sounds similar to the pronunciation of it in Xiamen, Fujian Province. The Russians call it “cha’i”, which sounds like “chaye” (tea leaves) as it is pronounced in northern China. The Japanese character for tea is written exactly the same as it is in Chinese, though it is pronounced a little differently.
不同语言中的茶这个词都来自于汉字“茶”。英语单词“tea”的发音和福建省厦门“茶”的发音听起来相似。俄国人称茶为“cha’i”，听起来很像中国北方人发的“chaye”（茶叶）。虽然日本汉字“茶”和中国汉字“茶”在发音上有点不同，但在写法上完全一样。
Tea leaves are produced mainly in the south of China, because of the mild climate and rich soil there. Longjing, pu’er, Wulong and Tieguanyin are all famous teas. They’re produced in the provinces of Zhejiang, Yunnan and Fujian.
茶叶主要产自中国南方，因为那里气候温和、土壤肥沃。龙井、普洱、乌龙和铁观音都是名茶。它们产自浙江省、云南省和福建省。
Over the past centuries, Chinese people have developed their unique tea culture, including tea planting, tea-leaf picking, tea making and tea drinking. Tea is also a popular topic in dances, songs, poems and novels.
在过去的几个世纪，中国人就已经发展了独特的茶文化，包括种茶、摘茶、制茶和喝茶。茶在舞蹈、歌曲、诗歌和小说中也是一个广受欢迎的话题。
Topic 2 He is really the pride of China. 他真的是中国的骄傲。
Section A
(Susanna found a picture in the book, Guide to China. Now she is asking Mr. Gao about it. )（苏珊娜在《中国指南》中发现一幅图片。现在她正在向高老师询问一些关于它的情况。）
Mr. Gao, who is the man in the picture? 高老师，图片上的这个人是谁？
Confucius, a pioneer in the field of education. He was born in the year 551 B.C. He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. His main ideas are about kindness and good manners. 孔子，教育领域的先驱。他出生于公元前551年，是一个对人类的本性和行为有许多真知灼见的伟大的思想家。他的主要思想是“仁”和“礼”。
Could you tell me more about him? 你能告诉我更多关于他的情况吗？
Of course. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries. For example, one of his famous sayings, “He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in danger”, tells us the importance of learning and thinking.
当然。他也是一名著名的哲学家，他的至理名言影响了不同国家的许多人。例如，他的一句名言“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”告诉我们学习和思考的重要性。
He was really a great man from whom I can learn a lot.
他确实是一个了不起的人，从他身上我能学到很多东西。
Read these wise sayings of Confucius. 朗读孔子的这些名言。
（1）When I walk along with two others, I may be able to learn from them. 三人行，必有我师。
（2）What you know, you know; what you don’t know, you don’t know. 知之为知之,不知为不知。
（3）Learn the new while reviewing the old. 温故而知新。
（4）Isn’t it a pleasure that friends come to see you from far away? 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
（5）Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
Section B
(Susanna and Kangkang are talking about Zheng He .)（苏珊娜和康康正在谈论郑和。）
You know, I am becoming more and more interested in China’s history these days. Could you tell me something about the person named zheng He ? 你知道，这些天来我对中国历史越来越感兴趣。你能告诉我一些关于郑和这个人的事情吗？
Sure. Zheng He was born in 1371. He was a Ming dynasty explorer whom we Chinese people are proud of. 当然可以。郑和出生于1371年，他是一个让中国人引以为豪的明代探险家。
Why do you think he was great? 你们为什么认为他很伟大？
Because, as a captain and palace official, he led seven ocean journeys from 1405 to 1433. At that time, the compass played an important role in his sailing. He even succeeded in sailing to the east coast of Africa. His last ocean journey was more than half a century earlier than Columbus’ first journey to America. 因为从1405年到1433年，作为船长和朝廷命官，他领导了七次航海之行。那时指南针在他的航行中起了重要作用。他甚至成功航行到了非洲东海岸。他的最后一次航行比哥伦布发现美洲大陆之行早半个多世纪。
It’s hard to believe! What a great explorer! He is really the pride of China.
真是难以置信！多么伟大的探险家啊！他的确是中国的骄傲。
Yes. Unfortunately, he died of illness on his way home from Africa in 1433.
是的。不幸的是，他于1433年从非洲返回的途中病故。
Oh, what a shame! Thank you for telling me so much.
哦，多可惜啊!谢谢你告诉我这么多（有关郑和的事情）。
My pleasure. 不客气。
Section C
Qian Xuesen --- the Father of China’s Missiles
钱学森---中国导弹之父
Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou. Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After his graduation from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he traveled across the Pacific Ocean to the United States for further study. There he received his Ph.D. degrees in both aerospace and mathematics. After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as researcher who studied rockets and missile theories.
钱学森于1911年十二月十一日出生于浙江杭州。1934年毕业于上海交通大学后，他远渡太平洋去美国深造。在那里他获得航空工程和数学专业两个博士学位。毕业后，他成了一名老师同时也是研究火箭和导弹理论的研究员。
He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. When he returned to his motherland in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research institute of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was in charge of developing China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a pioneer in these related fields and was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. He is the pride of the Chinese People.
他对中国的导弹和航天工程做出了重要贡献。当他在1955年回国时，我国的航天研究几乎是一片空白。1956年，他建立了第一个火箭和导弹研究所。从那时起，他主管中国的导弹，火箭和宇宙飞船的研究项目。他也是这些相关领域的先驱，被誉为“中国导弹之父”。他是中国人的骄傲。
He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98, but he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination is in China !” When someone said he could make much more money if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My family name is Qian, but I don’t like qian.”
钱学森于2009年10月31日去逝，享年98岁。但他仍然鼓励着中国年轻人。他对国家的贡献从他的话语中体现：“我的事业在中国，我的成功在中国，我的归宿在中国！”当有人说如果他留在美国能够赚到更多的钱时，他笑了笑说：“我是姓钱，但我不爱钱。”
Section D
Attributive Clauses (III) 定语从句（III）
1. Confucius was a great thinker who/that had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior.
孔子是一个对人类本性和行为有许多真知灼见的伟大思想家。
2. He was a Ming dynasty explorer who/whom we Chinese people are proud of.
他是一位让中国人引以为豪的明代探险家。
3. Confucius was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries.
孔子也是一名著名的哲学家，他的至理名言影响了不同国家的许多人。
Functions功能
1. What a great explorer! 多么伟大的探险家！
2. It’s hard to believe! 很难相信！
3. Could you tell me more about him? 你能告诉我更多关于他的事迹吗？
The Four Great Inventions of ancient China. 中国古代四大发明
Gunpowder火药 printing 印刷术 paper-making造纸术 compass指南针
Topic 3 Now it is a symbol of England. 现在它是英国的一个标志。
Section A
(Kangkang has come to Susanna’s house and sees some beautiful pictures hanging on the wall. )（康康来到苏珊娜家里看到一些美丽的图片挂在墙上。）
What beautiful pictures! What is it? 多么美丽的图片啊！这是什么？
Oh, that is Big Ben. Long ago, the queen of England knew that many clocks had different times. People were either early or late. She had it built so that everyone would have the same time. Now it is a symbol of England.
噢！那是大本钟。很久以前，英国女王得知许多钟有不同的时间。人们或者早或者晚。她让人们建立这个钟，目的是每个人都有同样的时间。现在它是英国的一个标志。
Oh! What about the building that looks like a huge sailing boat?
噢！那个看起来像个巨大帆船的建筑物呢？
That is a good description. It’s the Opera House in Sydney, Australia. It’s the pride of Australians. Do you know the picture below it ? 那是一个形象的描述。那是澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院。它是澳大利亚人的骄傲。你知道下面那幅图片吗？
That’s the Statue of Liberty! It was designed by Gustave Eiffel as a gift from France to the USA. It stands in New York Harbor. 那是自由的女神像！它是由居斯塔夫·埃菲尔设计的法国送给美国的礼物。它矗立在纽约港。
That’s right, but did you know that Eiffel designed not only the Statue of Liberty but also the Eiffel Tower? He was a great leader in the arts. 那是对的，但是你知道埃菲尔不仅设计了自由的女神像还有埃菲尔铁塔呢？他是艺术界的领军人物。
Is this the Eiffel Tower? 这是埃菲尔铁塔吗？
Yes, it was built for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889.
是的，它是为巴黎国际展览会而建的。
I really hope I can visit some of these places some day. 我真希望有一天去参观这些地方。
Section B
(Susanna, Kangkang, and their classmates are asked to make a report about famous people around the world. Now they are discussing in class.)（苏珊娜，康康和他们的同学被要求做一个关于世界名人的报告。现在他们正在班级讨论。）
Hi, Kangkang, who is your hero? 嗨，康康，谁是你心目中的英雄?
My hero is Abraham Lincoln. Although he was both poor and didn’t have much education, he never gave up reading books. He became one of the greatest presidents of the USA. What about you, Susanna?
我心目中的英雄是亚伯拉罕·林肯。尽管他又穷又没接受很多教育，但是他从来没有放弃读书。他成为美国最伟大的总统之一。你呢，苏珊娜？
Marie Curie is my hero. Not only did she discover radium but also she won the Nobel Prize twice in her lifetime.
玛丽·居里是我心目中的英雄，她不但发现了镭元素而且她一生中获得两次诺贝尔奖。
She was great! Who did you write about, Li Ming? 她很伟大！你写谁了，李明？
I admire Thomas Edison both for his exploring spirit and his great inventions. During his lifetime he invented more than 2000 new things, including the light bulb, the telegraph and photographic film.
我很钦佩爱迪生，既因为他的探索精神又因为他伟大的发明。在他一生中发明了2000多个新东西包括电灯、电报和电影摄像器材。
I think we have learned a lot from the famous people around the world.
我认为我们从这些世界名人身上学习到了很多东西。
Section C
Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky in 1809. His mother died when he was ten years old. Later his family moved to Illinois and his father remarried. The family was poor, so they had to struggle just to live. In Illinois there were neither teachers nor schools, but Lincoln’s stepmother encouraged him to study. He learned to read and write while working on the farm.
亚伯拉罕·林肯1809年出生在肯塔基州。当他九岁时他的母亲去逝了。后来他家搬到了伊利诺伊州并且它的父亲再婚。家里很穷，所以他们必须为了生存而奋斗。在伊利诺伊州，既没有老师，也没有学校，但是林肯的继母鼓励他学习。在工厂工作时他学会了读书和写字。
At twenty-one, Lincoln left home. He soon received a law license and became a lawyer. People trusted him and began to call him , “ Honest Abe”. 21岁时，林肯离开了家。他很快获得了一个法律执照并成为一个律师。人们信任他并开始称他为“诚实的亚伯”。
During the following years, he took a more active part in politics. Soon he was not only a highly respected lawyer but also a well-known politician. He was elected the sixteenth president of the United States in 1861, and in the same year the Civil War broke out.
在以后的一些年里，他积极参加政治活动。他不仅是一个受人尊重的律师而且是一个有名的政治家。在1861年他当选为美国第十六任总统，在同一年，内战爆发。
The Civil War was between the southern states that wanted to leave the union and form their own country, and the northern states that wanted to keep all the states as one country. The southern states wanted to keep the laws that allowed them to own slaves. Both the northern states and President Lincoln wanted to get rid of those laws. On April 9, 1865, the Civil War ended and all slaves were set free.
战争是在南方的一些想脱离联邦政府并建立他们自己国家的州与北方想统一的州之间发生的。南方各州想保留允许他们拥有奴隶的法律。北方各州和林肯总统都想解除这些法律。在1865年4月9日，内战结束并且所有的奴隶获得释放。
Less than a week later, on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot at the Ford Theatre in Washington, D.C . He died the next day from his wounds.
不到一周后，在1865年4月14日，亚伯拉罕·林肯在华盛顿的福特剧院遭遇枪击，并且第二天由于枪伤去逝。
Section D
Conjunctions 连词
1. Both Jane and Kangkang are students. 简和康康都是学生。
2. Not only Jane and Maria but also I am tired of having one examination after another. 不但简和玛利亚而且我都厌倦了一个接一个的考试。
3. Not only I but also Jane and Maria are tired of having one examination after another. 不但我而且简和玛利亚都厌倦了一个接一个的考试。
4. Either Tom or his brothers have to water the flowers. 或者汤姆或者他的哥哥们必须浇花。
5. Either his brothers or Tom has to water the flowers. 或者他的哥哥们或者汤姆必须浇花。
6. Neither he nor you need to leave now. 他和你现在都不能离开。
7. Neither you nor he needs to leave now. 你和他现在都不能离开。
Functions
1. That’s a good description. 那是一个形象的描述。
2. I really hope I can visit some of these places some day. 我真希望某一天我能参观这些地方。
3. I think we have learned a lot from the famous people around the world. 我认为我们从来自全世界的知名人身上学习到了很多。
The Egyptian pyramids were built around 2560 B.C. The largest one of them is the Great pyramid of Khufu. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the world. The King, Khufu, built the Great Pyramid as his tomb. Studies show that it took 100 000 people over 20 years to complete it.
埃及金字塔建于大约公元前2560年。它们中最大的是胡夫金字塔。它是世界“七大奇迹”之一。国王，胡夫，建金字塔当作坟墓。研究表明金字塔花费十万人二十多年的时间建成。
The Great Pyramid was considered a unique building in the 19th century A.D. At that time, it was still the tallest building in the world. According to scientific research, the ancient King, Khufu, ordered his men to build the Great Pyramid stone by stone. The biggest stone weighs as much as 15 tons. Each stone was fixed so well, though the ancient workers didn’t have any modern tools. The Great Pyramid has four sides and each side is 230.4 meters long and 146.5 meters high. At that time, there were no modern machines or equipment, so how did the ancient Egyptians build the Great Pyramid? To this day, it is still a mystery. But many scientists continue to study their methods. The completion of the Great Pyramid shows the wisdom and the achievements of ancient Egyptian working people.
金字塔被认为是19世纪独特的建筑。在那时，它仍然是世界上最高的建筑。根据科学研究，古代的国王，胡夫，命令他的臣民用一块又一块的石头修建金字塔。最大的石头重达15吨。尽管古代工人没有任何现代的工具，每一块石头都被固定得如此好。金字塔有四个面而且每个面都是230.4米长和146.5米高。在那时，没有任何现代的工具和设备。那么，古代埃及人是如何建立金字塔的呢？到今天，这仍然是个谜。但是许多科学家继续研究他们的建筑方法。金字塔的完成展示了古代埃及劳动人民的聪明才智和伟大成就。
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