Today we will visit the city wall, the bell tower and the drum tower. It's my pleasure to serve you.
The ancient castle we now see is the city wall of Ming xi 'an, which was built on the foundation of the imperial city of tang and chang 'an in the early Ming dynasty. It is one of the most famous cities in the late middle ages of China. It is the largest and most complete defense facility of ancient military castles in the world.
Xi 'an, as the ancient capital of the millennium, has built walls many times in the past. Most of them are buried by the dust of history. The walls we now see date back to the sui dynasty. In 1369, the Ming dynasty moved xu da from shanxi to shaanxi, and changed the original fengtian road to xi 'an, meaning "long lasting peace in the west". The beginning of Ming's construction of the wall in xi 'an. The shape of the wall, which lasted eight years, was a rectangle. The wall is 15 meters high, 12 to 14 meters wide, 16 to 18 meters wide and 13.9 kilometers in circumference. The bottom layer is mixed with lime and glutinous rice. After drying, it is very strong.
The ancient city wall of xi 'an includes a series of military facilities such as the moat, the bridge, the gate, the archery, the tower, the tower, the enemy building, the parapet, and the crenostoma. Well, now let's feel the scientific, rigorous and complete military defense system in person.
The outer wall of the wall is the moat, also known as the moat, which is the first line of defense of the wall. It can block an enemy attack, or even use a favorable terrain to destroy the enemy. The moat that surrounds the city wall of xi 'an is 20 meters wide, and crosses the moat is the city gate, and the only way to connect the moat and the gate is the suspension bridge. At ordinary times, the soldiers of the city of the city listened to the command of the morning clock, lowered the drawbridge in the morning and opened the city gates; Hoist the bridge at night and cut off traffic. Once there is a war, the bridge rises, the gates are closed, and the gates become a fortified and closed battle fortress.
The city gate is the focal point of the city defense system and also the weak spot. Usually, it is the gateway to the city. In the war, it is the primary goal of the two sides. Therefore, the Ming dynasty attached great importance to perfecting the city gate defense facilities. One of the most notable technical breakthroughs was the use of the vault gate to prevent enemy fire. Ming xian city gate is very solid, door leaf with 16 cm thick boards, a fan gate 2.8 cubic meters with wood, door leaf horizontal turn up and down the iron bar reinforcement, the interval of each two bars, 180 iron needle mushrooms nails. There are 1,800 iron mushroom needles on the door. In this way, it compunge the wood of the door fan, increasing the rigidity of the door, so that the arrow cannot be shot in.
In order to improve the insurance coefficient of the city's gate defense, the city gate is actually made up of three components, namely, the gate, the archery and the main building. The gate is the most outside, its function is the lifting suspension bridge. It's used for more. The enemy enters the gate of the gate, as if entering the urn, and will be attacked from all sides, so the space downstairs is also called "weng city". The archery is in the middle, with Windows on both sides and for archery. Between the archery and the archery, the wall is also called "weng city". The main building in the main building is the main building of the city gate. On the outside of the wall, there is an enemy platform that stands outside the main body of the wall, commonly known as "horse face". There are 98 horses on the entire wall, the building on the horse's face is called the enemy building, and the two enemy towers are 120 meters apart, while the one side is 60 meters and a stone's throw away. Such a layout makes it easy to shoot the enemy from flank. Therefore, the ancients commented, "there is a city without a platform, and a city without a city. Therefore, it is a city, and so is the city." On the outside of the wall, there are pheasants, also known as "stacking walls", which have crinis and square holes, which can be used for archery and gaze. The inner wall, called the parapet, is designed to prevent soldiers from falling into the wall when they walk. In the four corners of the city of xi 'an, there is a tower called the corner. In the city of wengcheng, which is formed in the archery and the zhenglou, there is a horse road leading to the head of the city. During the war, it was the key to mobilisation, and there must be no unimpeded access. So the guards are extremely strict.
As the years change, now we can see changle of xi 'an city wall gate, AnDingMen, rosefinch door, including door, jade auspicious door light, etc., the origin of these names from one side also reflects the ancient city of ups and downs failure. The city wall of the Ming xi 'an shows the wisdom and talents of the ancient Chinese working people. All right, the city wall of xi 'an is here, and we will continue to take you to the bell tower.
The bell tower and the drum tower are typical buildings of ancient Chinese cities. Bell and tambourine were the earliest percussion instruments in China, with more than 3000 years of history. Originally as a gift and musical instrument. From about the spring and autumn period, it began to be used for military command. Ancient Chinese cities have the nature of military castles. Besides the city walls, excavating the moat, setting up a suspension bridge, and supporting the building of the bell tower in the city center as the command center. At ordinary times, with the morning clock, the time of the report, the time to open and close the suspension bridge, when the state of emergency is used to police martial law, to command the city defense. This rigorous urban defense system reached its peak in the Ming dynasty. Xi 'an is a military and political town in the northwest of the Ming dynasty, and its bell tower and drum tower are the crown of the same kind of buildings in the country, both in terms of its size, historical value or artistic value.
What we see now is the bell tower, the building is located in xi 'an, north and south, east and west four street interchange, it was built in Ming hongwu seventeen years, the original is located in the west street meet auspicious view, with the shift in the centre of the city, in the Ming wanli decade, god will tower to a whole demolition, moved to address today.
The clock tower is typical of the Ming dynasty architectural style, the building is 36 meters high, heavy eaves dougong, magnificent and solemn. It consists of a pedestal, a building and a roof. The base is square, and all are made of green brick. The building is a square wooden structure, and the outside is surrounded by the corridor, which is the second floor, with a wooden ladder hovering over it. Inside and below the two floors of square hall, there are all kinds of famous porcelain and red nanmu furniture in the Ming dynasty, the four doors are full of embossed paintings, the style is bold and vivid. The top of the building is a four-angle structure, covered with a green glazed tile, the top of the top is 5 meters high, and the golden light is glittering and brilliant.
A Ming dynasty iron bell, weighing 5 tons, is displayed on the northwest corner of the bell tower. It was much smaller than the copper clock that the clock tower had hung earlier. The clock tower, which was originally hung, was a "jingyun bell" made during the tang dynasty. Now this clock is collected in xi 'an stele forest. It is said that, although the style of the building has not changed since the building of the bell tower was moved to this site, the jingyun clock has not been able to crack. There is no alternative but to change. In order to move the jingyun clock to the newly built clock tower, a sloping bridge was built in the western section of west street, and the jingyun clock was transported to the bell tower using the slope of the bridge. It is said that the "bridge zi" also got its name.
On the wall of the clock tower, there are chimes of the bell tower and the bell tower. The song of the bell tower was the first time that gong ma-hsien, a shaanxi governor who built the clock tower, was discharged to Beijing when he was dismissed. The poem has a warm tribute to the bell tower. The bell tower is the governor of the bell tower, which detailed the life of the bell tower. On the door of the bell tower, there are 64 stories of woodcut reliefs, including magnolia from the army, the moon and the moon, the book of liu yi, the sea of eight, and so on. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people's government of xi 'an made three large-scale repairs to the bell tower, which restored the ancient architecture to its former glory.
In contrast to the bell tower, it is the drum tower, which is south and north, north gate and south darcy street. The drum tower was built in Ming hongwu for 13 years and the bell tower was the sister building. On the first floor of the drum tower, there is a huge drum, and the morning clock in the bell tower forms a twilight drum, so it is called the drum tower. The floor is rectangular, with a height of 6 meters and a depth of 38 meters. The drum tower is a heavy eaves mountain style, glazed tile roof, heavy eaves 3 water. The building is divided into two layers. There is a plaque under the eaves of the north and south, the emperor qianlong's written book of emperor qianlong, "wenwu shengdi", written by li yunkuan of xianning county. The outer eaves of the drum tower are decorated with douches, and there are corridors on all sides. The ceiling is painted with painted cloud patterns, antique and very beautiful. The bell and drum tower in turn, making the ancient city of xi 'an more beautiful and spectacular. Well, the bell tower tour is over here. Thank you!
今天我们将去参观西安城墙、钟楼和鼓楼。很荣幸能为大家服务。
我们现在看到的这座古城堡就是明西安城墙，是明初在唐长安皇城的基础上建筑起来的。它是我国中世纪后期历史上最著名的城垣之一，是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代军事城堡防御设施。
西安作为千年古都，历代曾多次修筑城墙。它们多数被历史的尘埃掩埋。我们现在看到的城墙可追溯到隋代。公元1369年，明王朝大将徐达从山西进入陕西，将原来的奉天路改为西安，意为“西方长治久安”。拉开了明在西安修筑城墙的序幕。历时8年修筑完的城墙外形是一座长方形。城墙高15米，顶宽12—14米，底宽16—18米，周长13.9公里。最底层用黄土与石灰、糯米汁拌合而成，干燥之后，异常坚固。
西安古城墙包括护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事设施。好了，现在让我们亲自来感受这座科学、严密、完整的军事防御体系。
城墙最外围是护城河，也叫“城壕”,是城墙的第一道防线。它可以阻滞敌人进攻,甚至可以利用有利地形把敌人趁机消灭。环绕西安城墙的护城河宽20米,跨过护城河就是城门，而连接护城河与城门的唯一通道就是吊桥。平时，守城士兵听从晨钟暮鼓的指挥，早晨降下吊桥，开启城门;晚上升起吊桥，断绝交通。一旦发生战争，吊桥升起，城门紧闭，城门就成为坚固封闭的战斗堡垒。
城门是城防体系的重点，也是薄弱点。平时，它是出入城市的通道。战争时，又是攻守双方争夺的首要目标。因此，明代十分重视完善城门防御设施。尤其值得注意的一大技术突破是采用了券拱式城门，以防止敌人火攻。明西安城的城门非常坚固，门扇用厚达16厘米的木板制成，一扇城门用木材2.8立方米，门扇上下横匝着铁条加固，每两道铁条的`间隔处，钉有180枚铁蘑菇针。整个门扇上共有1800枚铁蘑菇针。这样就挤密了门扇的木材，增加了门扇刚度，使箭矢无法射入。
为了提高城门防御的保险系数，城门实际上由三重组成，即：闸楼、箭楼和主楼。闸楼在最外，它的作用是升降吊桥。兼用来打更。敌人攻入闸楼城门，好似进入瓮内，会受到来自四面居高临下的攻击，因此楼下这一空间也叫“瓮城”。箭楼在正中，正面和两侧都有窗户，供射箭用。箭楼与箭楼之间用围墙连接起来的也叫“瓮城”，可屯兵。正楼在最里，正楼上面的城楼是城门的主体建筑，是主将镇守指挥所在。城墙外侧，每隔120米有一个突出于城墙主体之外的敌台，俗称“马面”。整个城墙上共有“马面”98座，“马面”上面的建筑叫敌楼，两个敌台之间相距120米，而它的一面为60米，为“一箭之遥”。这样的布局便于从侧面射杀攻城的敌人。因此，古人有评论说：“有城无台，亦如无城，是城所以卫人，台又所以卫城也。”。城墙上外侧有矮雉，又称“垛墙”，上有垛口和方孔，可供射箭和嘹望。内侧的矮墙称为“女儿墙”，是为了防止士兵行走时坠入墙下。在西安城墙四角各有一座城楼叫“角楼”。在箭楼与正楼形成的瓮城中，有通向城头的马道，便于战马上下。战争期间，这里是调兵遣将的咽喉要道，必须保证畅通无阻。因此守卫异常严格。
随着岁月的变迁，现在我们可以看到西安城墙的长乐门、安定门、朱雀门、含光门、玉祥门等等，这些名称的来历也从一个侧面反映了古城沉浮衰兴。明西安城墙显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智，好了，西安城墙就参观到这里，我们将继续带大家去参观钟鼓楼。
钟楼和鼓楼是古代中国城市的特有建筑。钟与鼓本是中国最早出现的打击乐器，有3000年以上的历史。最初作为礼器和乐器。大约自春秋时期，开始用于军事指挥。古代中国城市兼有军事城堡性质，除城市四周构筑城墙，挖掘城壕，设置吊桥外，与之配套的还有在城市中心修筑钟鼓楼作为指挥中枢。平时以晨钟暮鼓报告时辰，定时启闭吊桥，紧急状态时用以报警戒严，指挥城防。这种严密的城市防御系统在明代发展到顶峰。西安是明代西北军政重镇，它的钟楼和鼓楼无论从建筑规模、历史价值或艺术价值各方面衡量，都居全国同类建筑之冠。
我们现在看到的这座建筑就是钟楼，位于西安市东西南北四条大街的交汇处，它建于明洪武十七年，最初位于西大街的迎祥观，随着城市中心的东移，到了明神宗万历10年，将钟楼来了个整体拆迁，迁至今址。
钟楼呈典型明代建筑艺术风格，楼高36米，重檐斗拱，华丽庄严。由基座，楼身和楼顶三部分组成。基座是正方形，全部用青砖砌成。楼身为正方形木质结构，外面以回廊环绕，里面为二层楼，楼内有木梯盘旋而上。楼内上下两层正方形大厅里，陈列着明代以来各种名贵瓷器及红楠木家具，四面门上布满浮雕画，风格厚朴生动。楼顶为四角攒尖结构，上面覆盖着碧绿色的琉璃瓦，顶端大圆顶高5米，金光闪闪，辉煌灿烂。
钟楼的西北角上陈列着一口明代铁钟，重5吨，钟边铸有八卦图案。它比钟楼早先悬挂的铜钟小得多。钟楼原先悬挂的巨钟是唐代景云年间铸造的“景云钟”。现在这口钟收藏于西安碑林。据说，钟楼从迎祥观迁到今址后，虽然楼的式样大小并没有改变，但景云钟却怎也敲不响了。没有办法，只有另换。为了将景云钟移到新建的钟楼上，当年在西大街西段搭起一座斜桥，利用桥面斜坡把景云钟运到了钟楼上。据说“桥梓口”也因此而得名。
钟楼内西墙上嵌刻有《钟楼歌》和《钟楼记》碑刻。《钟楼歌》是当年修建钟楼的陕西巡抚龚懋贤在解职赴京时登楼所赋。诗中对钟楼做了热情的赞颂。《钟楼记》是督修过钟楼的巡抚张楷所作，详细记述了钟楼的身世。在钟楼的门上有木刻浮雕故事画共64幅，其中有木兰从军、嫦娥奔月、柳毅传书、八仙过海等等。建国后，西安市人民政府又对钟楼进行了三次大规模修葺，使这座古建筑又焕发了昔日的风采。
与钟楼遥遥相对的是鼓楼，楼底门洞为南北向，北通北院门，南达西大街。鼓楼建于明洪武十三年，与钟楼是姊妹楼。在鼓楼的第一层北面有一面巨鼓，与钟楼上的晨钟形成暮鼓，所以称为鼓楼。楼体呈长方形，基座的门洞高与宽均为6米，洞深38米。鼓楼建筑为重檐歇山式，琉璃瓦覆顶，重檐三滴水。楼分上、下两层。南北檐下各有一块匾，南为清乾隆皇帝御笔刻书：“文武盛地”，北为咸宁县书生李允宽书写“声闻于天”。在鼓楼的外檐都饰有斗拱，四面有回廊。天花板上油漆彩绘云形图案，古色古香，十分美丽。钟鼓楼交相辉映，使古城西安更加美丽壮观。 好了，钟鼓楼的参观到这里就结束了。谢谢大家!
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