宁波天一阁英文导游词
天一阁是国内现存最古老的藏书楼之一。古籍浩瀚，历史悠久，距今已有430多年的历史，素负“南国书城”之盛誉，巍然屹立在宁波城月湖之滨，成为亚洲现存历史最悠久、最古老的私人藏书楼，也是世界上现存最古老的三个家族图书馆之一。以下是宁波天一阁英文导游词，欢迎阅读。
雄踞大门两侧是一对清代石狮。这些木结构的大门，是清道光年间造的。南国书城这四个字由著名国画大师潘天寿所书，而古阁藏英则是由大书法家沙孟海亲题。现在所看到的大门两旁对联是钟鼎文，读作天一遗形源长垂远，南雷深意藏久尤难，对联说明了天一阁藏书楼历史悠久和清初著名思想家黄宗羲登上天一阁藏书楼以后的感叹心情。黄宗羲号南雷，他曾赏叹读书难，藏书尤难。藏之久而不散，则难之难矣。
进入天一阁，首先映入我们眼帘的是照壁上气势宏大的溪山逸马图，当年柬埔寨国家元首诺罗敦·西哈努克亲王曾在这里拍照留念。这幅八骏图是堆塑，它的作者是已故民间老艺人胡善成。天一阁的堆塑，绝大部分是他的作品。参观完这块照壁后，从右边的直门春随人意中进去（左面是1980年新建的书库和阅览室）。可以看见天一阁的又一块照壁，大家知道它叫什么吗？它统称为麒麟。但细分下来，这是一个龙角、牛嘴的獬豸，是正义的象征。
天一阁藏书已有400多年的历史了，我们现在看到的这幢藏书楼就是几经修缮后保存下来的天一阁遗址，它是晚清时期的建筑遗物。天一阁的主人名叫范钦，字尧卿，号东明。明嘉靖十一年（范钦27岁时）进士，做过湖广隋州知府、江西袁州知府、广西参政、福建按察使、云南右布正使以及陕西、河南等省的地方官。后来又巡抚南赣汀漳诸郡，宦迹遍布半个中国，直至官升兵部侍郎。范钦生性耿直，不畏权贵，曾顶撞过权倾朝野的武定侯郭勋，因此蒙受冤狱。后在袁州知府任内，因秉公执法又得罪了权臣严世藩，为了避祸，辞官还乡。回到宁波后，就建造了藏书楼。范钦爱书成癖，在做地方官时，每到一处总是留心搜集当地的公私刻本，对无法买到的书就雇人抄录。经史百家之书，他兼收兼蓄，不厚古薄今，比较重视当代著作和文献的收藏。在他的藏书中，明代地方志、政书实录、明人诗文集及历代科试士录，占了很大的比重。此外，还汇集了许多有价值的碑贴，其中著名的是北宋拓本。
范钦的藏书楼原名叫东明草堂，楼前开凿一池与月湖沟通，蓄水备用。当时宁波有许多藏书楼，但先后遭受兵火破坏，范钦想，兵灾无法避免，火灾可以防止。为了防止火灾，范钦费尽苦心，查阅了许多书本，最后在《易经》中看到有天一生水，地六成之这句话而受到启发，便取其以水制火之意，将藏书楼改名天一阁。藏书楼上为一大通间，楼下六间，象征：天一地六。范钦不但将藏书楼改了名，还规定抽烟喝酒后切忌登楼，不准擅领亲朋好友开门入阁及留宿阁内，更不准擅自将藏书借出外房及他姓者，凡违者处以不能参加祭祀祖宗的大典的惩罚。天一阁的主人连取名时都考虑到了防火的重要，可见其用心良苦。
范钦一直活到80岁。临终时把大儿子大冲和二媳妇（次子大潜已故）叫到榻前，他把遗产分成两份，一是白银万两，二是全部藏书。大冲体察老父心情，决定代不分手，书不出阁。范钦的后代对天一阁藏书的保护制订了许多严格的禁约。据记载嘉庆年间，宁波知府邱铁卿的内侄女钱绣云是一个酷爱读书的聪明才女，为求得登阁读书的机会，托邱太守为媒与范氏后裔范邦柱秀才结为夫妻，婚后的绣云满怀希望，以为这下可以如愿以偿了，但万万没想到，已成了范家媳妇的她还是不能登楼看书，因为族规不准妇女登阁，竟使之郁郁含恨而终，遗命夫君将她葬于阁边，愿以芳魂与书作伴，了却她另一种青灯黄卷的夙愿这一悲剧足以说明禁约的严格。
原来藏书楼四周都是花园，以防附近一旦发生火灾不会遭受其害。到了清初时，范钦的曾孙范文光请来名匠垒起玲珑假山九狮一象、福禄寿等。由名匠大师堆砌造就的玲珑剔透、形象逼真的假山中有许多动物，大家不妨数一数共有几只？
主人为了保护藏书楼而制定了极为森严的规定，同时作为一份私人财富，藏书楼也是外人不可染指的。然而世代规约不可能是一成不变的，第一个破例登上天一阁藏书楼的外姓族人是明末清初的思想家黄宗羲。清代康熙十二年（公元1673）黄宗羲由于他的道德、文章、学识、气节在当时普遍受到人们的敬佩。在范氏族中曾做过嘉兴府学训导的范友仲帮助下，很快取得了范氏各房的同意，登上了天一阁。原来范钦后代为防止藏书失散，还议定藏书由子孙共同管理，阁门和书橱钥匙分房掌管，非各房齐集，任何人不得擅开。黄宗羲不仅阅读了天一阁的全部藏书，还为天一阁藏书整理编目作出了贡献。
天一阁是一座古代藏书楼，各类藏书丰富齐全。而藏书楼历经430多年，饱经了岁月的'风风雨雨，其本身就是一部史书。天一阁原有藏书七万卷，在历史上饱经了沧桑。首次浩劫是在清朝乾隆年间，当时乾隆皇帝决定编写《四库全书》，为此下旨各省加意采访遗书进呈备用，乾隆还颇知属下的弊端，再三警告经手者不准扣留私索地方藏书者进呈的书籍，凡是进呈的书抄录后务必认真发还，然而范钦第八世孙范懋柱进呈的638种珍贵的古籍真正得到归还的寥寥无几，侵吞这些书籍的正是过手的翰林学士地方官员。这次进呈对于修《四库全书》来说是巨大的贡献，因为这600多种都是稀有的藏本，其中被收录在《四库全书》中的有96种，列入存目的有377种，居于全国各家藏书之冠。乾隆皇帝对于范氏进呈的藏书之功倒是念念不忘，乾隆三十七年（公元1774年）六月特颁旨嘉奖天一阁武英殿铜活字印本《古今图书集成》一部，计一万卷。后又赐给《平定回部得胜图》、《平定金川图》各一套。《古今图书集成》今在天一阁内还保存8300多卷。《平定图》的16幅画的作者为意大利籍的画家郎世宁，每幅画上都有乾隆题诗，并盖有御印，此图至今仍完好地保存在天一阁中。
On both sides of the gate are a pair of stone lions. The doors of these wooden structures were made during the qing dynasty. The four characters are written by the famous Chinese painting master pan tianshou, and the ancient cabinet is a famous book by the great calligrapher, sha menghai. Couplets on both sides of the gate is now see inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, but read days long form source far, south ray meaning hidden for a long time especially difficult, couplet illustrates the tianyi pavilion library has a long history and famous thinker huang qing boarded the tianyi pavilion library exclamation mood. South ray of huang zongxi, he once praised the difficulty of reading books, especially difficult. It is difficult to hide a long time.
Entering the pavilion, the first thing that comes to our eyes is the magnificence of the xishan yima map, where prince norodom sihanouk, the head of state of Cambodia, took photos here. This picture is a pile of plastic, the author is the deceased folk old artist hu shan cheng. The vast majority of his works are made up of piles. After visiting the wall, the straight door on the right goes in with the person (the left side is the newly built library and reading room in 1980). You can see the wall of the pavilion. Do you know what it's called? It's called the unicorn. But subdivision down, this is a dragon horn, cattle mouth haetae, is the symbol of justice.
The library has a history of more than 400 years, and the building we are now looking at is one of the relics of the imperial palace, which was preserved in the late qing dynasty. The owner of the pavilion is called fan chin, the character of yaoqing, the name of dongming. The eleventh year of jiajing jinshi (Fan Qin 27), done HuGuang sui state magistrate, jiangxi Yuan Zhou magistrate, participate in guangxi, fujian provincial judges, yunnan right cloth is made and the local officials in shaanxi and henan provinces. Later, he was governor of southern jiangxi and zhangzhou county, and the order was spread over half of China until the official promotion department assistant minister. He was an honest and upright man. He was not afraid of the powerful, and he had the right to go to the court. Later in the governor's office of yuan zhou, because of the justice of the law, he also offended the powerful officials, in order to avoid the disaster, resigned to return to the country. Back in ningbo, the building was built. When he was a local official, he always kept an eye on the local public and private books, and hired people to copy books he couldn't buy. Through the books of hundreds of books, he has collected and accumulated, and has paid more attention to the collection of contemporary works and literature. In his collection of books, the Ming dynasty local Chronicles, the book of government books, the collection of people's poems and the history of the imperial examination, which accounts for a large proportion. In addition, there are a lot of valuable tablets, among them the northern song rubbings.
The original name of the building is dongming grass hall, which is used to communicate with the moon lake in front of the building. At that time, there were many books in ningbo, but they were destroyed by fire and fire, and fan qin thought that the fire could not be avoided. In order to prevent fire, expend Fan Qin painstakingly, looked through many books in the last living water, see there are days in the yi jing to sixty percent of the words and inspired, take its the meaning of water system of fire, will rename tianyi pavilion library. The library is a large room, with six downstairs symbols: the sixth of heaven. Fan Qin changed name, not only the library also provides board floor of avoid by all means, after drinking and smoking are not allowed to make free led the relatives and friends to open the door into the cabinet and stay inside the cabinet, more not allowed to do STH without authorization to collect books lend WaiFang and his surname, all the penalties for offenders sentenced to can't attend the ceremony of sacrifice fathers. The owner of tian yi court even named after the importance of fire prevention, it can be seen that it has good intentions.
Van chin lived until he was 80. On his deathbed he called his eldest son and his daughter-in-law, the second son, to the couch. He divided the estate into two parts, one for silver and the other for the whole collection. The old father was in a state of mind, and decided not to break up. The descendants of fan chin have made many strict prohibitions on the protection of the library. According to the record jiaqing years, ningbo magistrate Qiu Tieqing niece money to embroider a cloud is a clever woman, have a passion for reading to get chance to study pavilion, medium and high positively to seed fann Fan Bangzhu show just married, embroidered cloud hope after marriage, thought that this bottom can get it, but never expected, has become a fan home daughter-in-law reading, she still can't climb floor because ZuGui forbids women's pavilion, have made the grief of swallowed their anger, and surely no husband buried her cabinet, may with aromatic soul companions of books, but she is a long-cherished wish for another QingDengHuangJuan.meanwhile the tragedy JinYao strictly.
It turns out that the building is surrounded by gardens, just in case there is no fire in the vicinity. At the beginning of the qing dynasty, his great-grandson, fan wenguang, invited the famous artisans to build the nine lion and the elephant, fu lu shou and so on. There are many animals in the exquisitely carved and lifelike rockery built by master craftsmen. How many people can you count?
In order to protect the library, the master set up extremely strict rules, and as a private wealth, the library is also an outsider's untouchable. However, it is impossible for the generation statute to be invariable. The first one to make an exception is huang zongxi, who was a thinker in the late Ming and early qing dynasty. In the twelfth year of emperor kangxi (1673), huang zongxi was widely admired at the time because of his morality, articles, knowledge and spirit. With the help of fan, who had been the tutor of jiaxing, he quickly obtained the approval of the fan's houses and ascended to the pavilion. In order to prevent the loss of the collection of books, it was agreed that the library should be managed by the children and grandchildren, and the cabinet and bookcase keys were in charge. Huang had not only read all the books of tian yi ge, but also contributed to the collection and cataloguing of the library.
Tianyige is an ancient library with a wide range of books. And the Tibetan book building, after more than 430 years, has experienced the ups and downs of the years, and is itself a history book. There are seventy thousand volumes of the original collection of books, and the history is full of vicissitudes. Havoc for the first time was in qianlong period, when the qianlong emperor decided to write "ku", therefore the provinces on the monkey believing interview note submission of secret memorials had great differences aside, qianlong also quite know the disadvantages of subordinates, through repeated warnings are not allowed to withhold the private line place offers submission of secret memorials had great differences in the books, will it carefully after transcribing all submission of secret memorials had great differences in the book, however Fan Qin the 8th column Sun Fanmao submission of secret memorials had great differences of 638 kinds of precious ancient books really few of them can be returned, misappropriation of these books is on the academician bachelor's local officials. The submission of secret memorials had great differences for repairing "ku" is a great contribution, because it more than 600 kinds are rare editions, which was collected in "si ku" there are 96 species, there are 377 species which are included in the CunMu occupies the national various books. Emperor qianlong for fann submission of secret memorials had great differences of library work is not forget for a moment, thirty-seven years of qianlong (1774 AD) in June, awarded the purport of rewards for tianyi pavilion hall of martial valor bronzeschrift prints an integration of ancient and modern books, ten thousand. Later, it was given to "pingdinghui" and "pingding jinchuan map". The book integration of ancient and modern books still holds more than 8,300 volumes in tianyige. The author of the 16 paintings of "pingding" is an Italian painter named lang shi-ning. Each painting has a qianlong inscription and a royal seal, which is still in good condition.
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